Nagai method mechanism 1 The Nagai, “Moscow” and “Hypo” methods. Y1 - 2013/2. Progress in sample preparation methods has further facilitated Mechanisms of protein fluorophore formation and engineering Curr Opin Chem Biol. Molecular precursor method for fabricating p-type Cu 2 O and metallic Cu thin films. •The P2P/Methyl amine method produces a product that has two isomers (d- and l- isomers) present in equal amounts. Written By. Skinner [73] as supported by NicDaéid et al. In 1919, a younger protégé of Nagai named Akira Ogata discovered a new method of synthesizing the crystalline form of the new stimulant, giving the world crystal meth. These reactions include the Leuckart reaction [12], aluminium amalgam reductive alkylation of phenyl-2-propanone (P-2-P) [12], reductions of ephedrine or pseudoephedrine based upon the Nagai 1 method [13], [14], Nagai, Emde and Leuckart methods and reductive amination (see figure I), and Investigation of the origin of ephedrine and methamphetamine: a Japanese experience 65. This two carbon transfer represents 22% of the total carbon in the produced P2P, and therefore the very negative lead acetate carbons impact the final carbon isotope outcome in the process. , J. doi: 10. Forensic Sci. Nagai H. A large portion of RNA attached to Helix H through the 4-way junction was replaced by a kissing-loop The internal force is used to satisfy the static frictional constraints and is related to contact stability. In short, the hydroxyl group in the starting material undergoes nucleophilic substitution with iodide to form either iodoephedrine or MA manufactured from ephedrine/pseudoephedrine through the Emde and Nagai methods was found to contain N-methyl FMA is a by-product of the Nagai reaction but the mechanism by which FMA arises Until the advent of methamphetamine production based on BMK in the Netherlands and Belgium, European production of methamphetamine was mostly based on ephedrine or pseudoephedrine precursors; this is still the method typically found in small- to medium-sized laboratories in Czechia and neighbouring countries (most often using the ‘Nagai method’) and AMA is noteworthy because it does not seem to be a rational by-product in those synthetic sequences in which it has been reported to form. Science of Advanced Materials. 156, 154506 (2022)], we investigated global Toyota Motor North America - Cited by 1,125 - fuel cell - catalyst - electrochemistry Preparation of Alkanes – Alkanes are referred to as saturated hydrocarbons, that is, hydrocarbons having all carbon atoms bonded to other carbon atoms or hydrogen atoms with sigma bonds only. A. Mochizuki C. PMID: 36636866. 2) Various melt growth methods of β Therefore, the research objective is to propose a systematic method and t View 1S3-2 Report and a Course of Action on Innovation Design Education in Japan Advanced Institute of Science and The old clandestine method responsible for the newly observed profiling pattern is referred to by the MPP as the nitrostyrene (NTS) method (it could also be called the nitropropene method). Evidence for the involvement of iodoephedrine and iodopseudoephedrine as intermediates in these reactions was obtained, which supports a long-held hypothesis as to the reaction mechanism. The process involves two steps: 1. 508 nm, and β = 103. N2 - In human living environments, it is often the case that the cleaning area is three Pt/Al 2 O 3 and Pt/ceria-based mixed oxide (Ce–Zr–Y mixed oxide, referred to as CZY) catalysts were prepared by the following methods. in ICCAS 2011 - 2011 •There are two main methods used to manufacture meth, and each method has variations on the procedures used. Ephedrine or pseudoephedrine is known to be used as starting materials in the two methods for illicit methamphetamine synthesis, because ephedrine and pseudoephedrine are commonly AMA is noteworthy because it does not seem to be a rational by-product in those synthetic sequences in which it has been reported to form. FMA is a by-product of the Nagai reaction but the mechanism by which FMA arises could be not determined. However, many of cleaning robots cannot clean and move on stairs, because they are not considered to move on places between floors. FEBS J. 304 nm, c = 0. Mechanism of Lys6 poly-ubiquitin specificity by the L. SN2 nucleophilic substitution of the OH group by I, which is achieved by using conc. She has been investigating underlying neural mechanisms for social cognitive development by means of computational approaches. AU - Daeid, Niamh Nic. Tetrahedron Asymm. 1,3-Dimethyl-2-phenylnaphthalene has been reported as a by-product in the production of MA and AP via the Nagai method. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate that the proposed velocity constraint module can fix the orientation of the movable part and to use the kinematical analysis method to obtain the moving direction of the movable part. PY - 2013/2. The minimizing internal force is defined as the internal force which yields the minimal norm force satisfying static frictional constraints and the minimizing internal force is solved by applying a nonlinear programming method. She was selected as one of "30 women in robotics you need to know about" in 2019, "World’s 50 . Takano I. 83°. A nucleophilic substitution reaction then occurs with an iodide Three synthetic methods commonly used for the synthesis of methamphetamine, the Nagai, Hypo, and Moscow methods, were investigated as to their reaction mechanisms. 1021/ac3009302. Skinner as The impurity characteristics of methamphetamine synthesized by Emde and Nagai method. instead The synthesis method resemblances Nagai route, firstly used to synthesize methamphetamine from ephedrine or pseudoephedrine. PY - 2012/5/31. Ephedrine or pseudoephedrine is known to be used as starting materials in the two methods for illicit methamphetamine synthesis, because ephedrine and pseudoephedrine are commonly Three synthetic methods commonly used for the synthesis of methamphetamine, the Nagai, Hypo, and Moscow methods, were investigated as to their reaction mechanisms. 8 eV 1) than other TCOs, such as In 2 O 3, ZnO, and SnO 2. Epub ahead of print. β-Ga 2 O 3 single crystal belongs to a monoclinic system (C2/m) with a = 1. Al 2 O 3 as a support oxide was supplied by Nikki Universal; its crystal structure was γ-type. Honda T, Sato M. •The primary product from both these variations is methamphetamine hydrochloride, not the freebase. The mechanism of the “emede method,” a previously popular P-2-P is found in MA synthesised via reductive amination and the Nagai method, also in MDMA synthesised via the Leuckart reaction and in AP and DMA synthesised via the Nagai. What is the Nagai method? The reduction of ephedrine or pseudoephedrine hydrochloride using hydriodic acid and red phosphorus, known as the Nagai route, is preferred in the Asian and South Asian region. The translational mechanism is based on using two-wheel-drive type omni-directional mobile mechanism. E. Hydrogen iodide is sourced directly from hydriodic acid (Nagai method) FMA is a by-product of the Nagai reaction but the mechanism by which FMA arises could be not determined. Chem Phys. , Charenton, C. 1. doi: Methamphetamine synthesized from 1-phenyl-2-propanone (P2P). Warren GD, Kitao T, Franklin TG, Nguyen JV, Geurink PP, Kubori T, Nagai H, Pruneda JN. AU - Nagai, Isaku. 126: 2015: Fate of carbonates within oceanic plates subducted to the lower mantle, and a possible mechanism of diamond formation. 2007;170(2–3):142–147. the impurities specific to each method were identified from among the many impurities generated. To recognize a Masaru Nagai's 16 research works with 386 citations and 1,488 reads, including: Signal Filtering Enabled by Spike Voltage‐Dependent Plasticity in Metalloporphyrin‐Based Memristors Ryo Nagai 1,2 , Ryosuke Akashi1 and Osamu Sugino Kohn–Sham density functional theory (DFT) is the basis of modern computational approaches to electronic structures. 1111/febs. 8Cu/ Al (weight ratio) catalyst follows the hydrazine mechanism below 200 C Beta-type gallium oxide (β-Ga 2 O 3) belongs to the group of transparent conducting oxides (TCOs). Pruneda JN, Nguyen JV, Nagai H, Kubori T. that suggests that these naphthalenes should only be considered condition specific rather than route specific for the Nagai method 30; however, despite this, The Nagai method employs pseudoephedrine as a precursor, which is reduced with hydroiodic acid (HI) to yield methamphetamine. , the Leuckart and reductive amination with aluminum/mercury (Al/Hg) amalgam techniques, both require 1 The Nagai method employs pseudoephedrine as a precursor, which is reduced with hydroiodic acid (HI) to yield methamphetamine. One method is based on ephedrine or pseudoephedrine which can be imported in bulk powder or The most common method of producing Dextromethamphetamine (Crystal Meth) is supposedly the Nagai Method, where Pseudoephedrine, Hydriodic acid and Red Phosphorous are Routes most commonly used in Asia and the U. Authors Vanitha Kunalan 1 , William J Kerr, Niamh Nic Daéid. Indeed, both syntheses use the hydriodic acid (HI) formed in situ by the reaction between red is the possibility that FMA is a by-product of the Nagai method, the significance of FMA as an indicator of the Leuckart method has been debated. Buffer mechanisms that are triggered by the onset of alkalosis to normalise pH changes in CSF and extracellular space also include the cellular efflux of hydrogen ions (H +) and the exchange of extracellular bicarbonate (HCO 3) for intracellular chloride and a slower acting buffer mechanism at the proximal renal tubular level, where HCO 3 reabsorption is prevented In this paper, a mobile mechanism and a control method are described for translational locomotion. The following compounds were identified as key route- The mechanism proposed by Hauser et al. Y1 - 2012/5/31 This review will focus on what is known about the molecular mechanisms of porcine oocyte maturation and fertilization such as first meiosis resumption, meiotic spindle assembly, second meiosis metaphase (MII) arrest during oocyte maturation, sperm-egg recognition and fusion, sperm acrosome reaction, second meiosis resumption, sperm chromatin decondensation, and In this paper, a mobile mechanism and a control method are described for translational locomotion. 4. Previous studies have focused on the identification of route specific impurities present in methamphetamine synthesized by the Nagai, 9 Emde, 10 and Leuckart 1 Investigation of the reaction impurities associated with methylamphetamine synthesized using the Nagai method Anal Chem. It has a larger band gap of 4. This reduction process is known to be powerful enough to See more That for an introduction, now the question: what is actually the reaction mechanism of the $\ce{HI/P}$ reduction? The first step seems like a simple $\ce{S_{N}2}$ substitution of The reaction mechanism for the reduction of ephedrine with HI/red P is summarized as follows. As the alkanes possess weak Van Der Waals forces, the first four members, C 1 to C 4 are gases, C 5 to C 17 are liquids and those containing 18 carbon atoms or more are solids at 298 K. Atsushi NAGAI, Professor of Laboratory Medicine | Cited by 2,325 | of Shimane University, Matsue | Read 139 publications | Contact Atsushi NAGAI In this paper, we propose a new velocity constraint type for Redundant Drive Wire Mechanisms. suggested that the formamide present in the Leuckart reaction forms a formyl APAAN intermediate which then loses formamide to form (4). , Nagai, K. Ko et al. AU - Kerr, William. The method has demonstrated to be suitable for the analysis of samples containing trace amounts of EPH and ΨEPH racemates as low as Kiyoshi NAGAI | Cited by 1,036 | of Ritsumeikan University, Kyoto | Read 37 publications | Contact Kiyoshi NAGAI Kinematical Analysis of Parallel Mechanisms Using Multi-Wire Driven Method The Six Key Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reactions In electrophilic aromatic substitution a C-H bond is broken and a new C-E bond (E being an electrophilic atom such as Cl, Br, N) is formed. Kohei NAGAI, Professor | Cited by 1,997 | of Hokkaido University, Sapporo (Hokudai) | Read 141 publications | Contact Kohei NAGAI Five samples were synthesized via chloroephedrine (”Emde“ method), six samples by the direct reduction of ephedrine with hydriodic acid/red phosphorus (“Nagai” method) and five samples were prepared by the reduction of ephedrine with iodine and red phosphorus in water (“Moscow” method) (Fig. hydroiodic acid 2. AMA was also Its mechanism is treasured in the regenerative role of red phosphorus . MA manufactured from ephedrine/pseudoephedrine through the Emde and Nagai methods was found to contain N However, it has also been found in the synthesis of AP via the Nagai method, suggesting that this marker compound is not characteristic to the reductive amination method. Yukie Nagai is a Project Professor at the International Research Center for Neurointelligence, the University of Tokyo. The method is straightforward and can be used for large-scale production (Figure 1). On the mechanism of the leuckart reaction enantiospecific preparation of (1R,2R)- and (1S,2S)-N-(3,3-dimethyl-2-formylamino1-norbornyl)acetamide. 5 Å resolution structure (Figure 1A; Figure 1—figure supplements 1 and 2) (Pomeranz Krummel et al. The synthesized products were extracted with diethyl ether three Heat Treatment in Molecular Precursor Method for Fabricating Metal Oxide Thin Films. (2020) RNA Splicing by the Spliceosome. The synthesized samples were extracted with ethyl acetate containing four internal standards, and the patterns of the organic impurities were investigated by GC–MS and GC–FID [1] . , 2009). The visual mechanism of grouping colors to segregate a figure from its background has not been fully understood. Eighteen batches of methylamphetamine hydrochloride were synthesized in six replicate batches using three different reaction times. The mechanism of the “emede method,” a previously popular Its mechanism is treasured in the regenerative role of red phosphorus [79]. Discussions of the mechanism of the Nagai preparation of MA from ephedrine or pseudoephedrine and its stereochemistry can be found in references [18–21]. CZY powder as a support oxide was prepared using a coprecipitation process with aqueous NH 3 using Ce(NO 3) 3, ZrO(NO 3) 2, and Y(NO In this paper, a mobile mechanism and a control method are described for climbing down and translational movement on stairs. Hara H. AMA was also shown to be a by-product of the Nagai reaction, most likely due to reaction Though illicit methamphetamine could be prepared with various synthetic methods, the most preferred ones seemed Nagai method [2] and Emde method [3] in the East Asia region. In 1994, Prof. From the work presented here, FMA is a by-product of the Nagai reaction but the mechanism by which FMA arises could be not determined. Aoyama S. Affiliation 1 Laboratory for Cell Function Dynamics, Advanced Technology Development Group, Brain Science Institute, Protein Engineering / methods* Substances Nagai H, Sato M. pneumophila deubiquitinase Selected publications (for Full publication list click here) Wilkinson, M. 1). Sato M. Original language: English: Title of host publication Kakudou, T, Watanabe, K & Nagai, I 2011, Study on mobile mechanism for a stair cleaning robot - Design of translational locomotion mechanism. ; There are six key electrophilic aromatic substitution reactions in most introductory organic chemistry courses: chlorination, bromination, nitration, sulfonation, Friedel Kazukiyo Nagai's 143 research works with 4,112 citations and 9,271 reads, including: Anti-cluster behavior and its mechanism during water vapor sorption in chitin and chitosan membranes Takeharu NAGAI | Cited by 18,184 | of Osaka University, Osaka (Handai) | Read 463 publications | Contact Takeharu NAGAI Masao NAGAI, Professor (Full) | Cited by 2,514 | of Tokyo University of Agriculture and Technology, Tokyo (TUAT) | Read 340 publications | Contact Masao NAGAI Tetsuro NAGAI | Cited by 228 | of Fukuoka University, Fukuoka | Read 35 publications | Contact Tetsuro NAGAI method [Nagai et al. Epub 2012 Jun 22. 223 nm, b = 0. This review presents a critical analysis of the methamphetamine impurity profiles and more specifically, profiling based on impurity profiles from Leuckart, Reductive amination, Moscow, Emde, Nagai, Birch, Moscow route; a recent In Europe, two main methods exist, classified according to the chemicals used as starting materials, known as precursors. Annu Rev Biochem 89: A minimal U1 snRNP consisting of seven Sm proteins, the N-terminal peptide of U1-70k, U1-C and a truncated U1 snRNA was designed based on the 5. 2014 The B 6 vitamer pyridoxamine was described as an Amadorin or post-Amadori AGE inhibitor, trapping products derived from the Amadori compound fructoselysine, the first stable glucose adduct to protein (). recognize that other types of compounds containing multiple bonds, Molecular Mechanism and Evolution of Nuclear Pre-mRNA and Group II Intron Splicing: Insights from Cryo-Electron Microscopy Structures Andrew J Newman 3 , Kiyoshi Nagai 3 Affiliations 1 EMBL Grenoble , 71 Avenue des Martyrs , 38042 Grenoble Cedex 09 , France. Affiliation 1 Centre for Forensic The synthesis of methylamphetamine hydrochloride from l-ephedrine or d-pseudoephedrine hydrochloride via reduction with hydriodic acid and red phosphorus was investigated. Baba N. Kakudou T, Watanabe K, Nagai (2011) Study on mobile mechanism for a stair cleaning robot: design of translational locomotion mechanism. 2023 Jan 13. Int. 2009 Rutile Thin Film Responsive to Kiyoshi Nagai's 34 research works with 371 citations and 1,378 reads, including: Individual Optimal Attentional Strategy in Motor Learning Tasks Characterized by Steady-State Somatosensory and The most common method of producing Dextromethamphetamine (Crystal Meth) is supposedly the Nagai Method, where Pseudoephedrine, Hydriodic acid and Red Phosphorous are refluxed overnight, producing a The “Nagai” route strong interactions with the possible positive charge of the EPHS’ amine group as well as counter-current separation mechanisms, possibly leading in turn to high enantioselectivity. Ephedrine reacts with HI to form iodoephedrine (iodomethamphetamine) which is predominately reduced to The method of Nagai and Kanao 4 for resolving the hydrochloride of 2-amino-1-phenyl-1-propanol, using absolute ethanol as the solvent, proved very inefficient, although enough of the desired The mechanism behind its antidepressive action is unknown but could be linked to increased synaptogenesis and down-regulation of cerebral 5-HT2AR. First, we discuss the necessity of using this velocity Isaku Nagai Received: 31 March 2012/Accepted: 23 October 2012/Published online: 16 November 2012 ISAROB 2012 In this paper, a mobile mechanism and a control method are described for translational locomotion. This allowed the investigation of the Sixteen methamphetamine samples were synthesized from ephedrine and pseudoephedrine by the three different manufacturing methods of Emde, Nagai and Moscow. The Hiroki NAGAI, Professor (Associate) | Cited by 455 | of Kogakuin University, Tokyo | Read 52 publications | Contact Hiroki NAGAI Michiaki Nagai's 160 research works with 2,195 citations and 4,079 reads, including: Abstract 11601: Does Artificial Intelligence Dream of Elevated Natriuretic Peptide in Chest Radiography? A two-dimensional mesoscopic numerical method to simulate the failure process of concrete under compression was developed based on the discrete element method by modifying the rigid body-spring Katsuya NAGAI, Professor Emeritus | Cited by 7,959 | of Osaka University, Osaka (Handai) | Read 289 publications | Contact Katsuya NAGAI Europe PMC is an archive of life sciences journal literature. Authors Atsushi Miyawaki 1 , Takeharu Nagai, Hideaki Mizuno. Here, we investigate if a single In the Nagai method, the β-hydroxyl group on ephedrine or pseudoephedrine is protonated forming a hydronium ion leaving group. The In situ diffuse reflectance infrared Fourier-transform spectroscopy (DRIFTS) studies reveal that NH3-SCO on 2Ag1. 2012 Jul 3;84(13):5744-52. In The presumed mechanism for this conversion transfers an acetyl unit from lead acetate into the P2P molecule [24]. Formation mechanism of p-type Cu 2 O thin films via intermediate Cu 0 species derived from Cu(II) complex of ethylenediamine-N, N, N ′, N ′-tetraacetic acid. explain the difference between a heterogeneous reaction and a homogeneous reaction. Though illicit methamphetamine could be prepared with various synthetic methods, the most preferred ones seemed Nagai method [2] and Emde method [3] in the East Asia region. Isamu Shiina (Tokyo University of Science, Japan) reported an acidic cyclization method using Lewis acid catalyst, [1] [2] and, in 2002, a basic cyclization Ryozo NAGAI | Cited by 88,548 | of Jichi Medical University, Tochigi | Read 1366 publications | Contact Ryozo NAGAI Masatsugu Nagai's 68 research works with 362 citations and 7,896 reads, including: PROPOSAL FOR MAINTENANCE POLICY AND STRESS EVALUATION OF GUSSET PLATE WITH CORROSION REDUCTION ON THE LOWER CHORD Hiroto NAGAI, Professor (Associate) | Cited by 189 | of Nagasaki University, Nagasaki | Read 30 publications | Contact Hiroto NAGAI In this paper, a mobile mechanism and a control method are described for climbing down and translational movement on stairs. and regulatory sites, allowing us to gain insights into the mechanisms of biological processes. Bacterial usurpation of the OTU deubiquitinase fold. Two routes commonly used in Europe and the U. In Five impurities are used as criteria for the classification of seized methamphetamine samples by Emde and Nagai method. , such as the Nagai, Rosenmund, Birch, Emde, and Moscow methods, all require ephedrine or pseudoephedrine as a starting material. These reactions include the Leuckart reaction [12], aluminium amalgam reductive alkylation of phenyl-2-propanone (P-2-P) [12], reductions of ephedrine or pseudoephedrine based upon the Nagai 1 method [13], [14], The latter was recogonized in “Moscow” and Nagai related methods and could not qualif y as a route specific impurity for Emde route [63,78]. Hiroki Nagai and Mitsunobu Sato This result may be related to the different mechanisms governing the formation of the rutile lattice. method with single and methods such as the electrospra y deposition, the sol-gel method, and th e molecu- lar precursor method have be en devised and r epresent activ e resear ch areas . The visual system can detect a figure on a multi colored background by grouping Nuclear Instruments and Methods in Physics Research Section A: Accelerators , 2015. In: Nikitenkov N, editor. Cryoelectron Microscopy / methods* Crystallography, X-Ray Five impurities are used as criteria for the classification of seized methamphetamine samples by Emde and Nagai method. AU - Kunalan, Vanitha. describe the mechanism of the catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes. Discover the world's research 25+ million members In this paper, a mobile mechanism and a control method are described for translational locomotion. In human living environments, it is often the case that the cleaning area is three-dimensional space such as a high-rise building. Pyridoxamine is now considered to have multiple mechanisms of action: 1) blocking oxidation of the Amadori intermediate; 2) trapping of reactive carbonyl T1 - Investigation of the reaction impurities associated with methylamphetamine synthesized using the nagai method. Y Seto, D Hamane, T Nagai, K Fujino T Nagai, T Ishido, Y Seto, D Nishio-Hamane, N Sata, K Fujino Shiina macrolactonization (or Shiina lactonization) is an organic chemical reaction that synthesizes cyclic compounds by using aromatic carboxylic acid anhydrides as dehydration condensation agents. 16725. Reduction of the alkyl iodide by hydriodic acid For the first step, hydroiodic acid converts the hydroxy compound to iodide. A total of fifty-two samples of seized methamphetamine were analyzed by GC-MS and classified by five organic impurities, and then sorted into four groups, which are Nagai type, Emde Type, Undetermined I type, and Undetermined II type. Since Nature Structural and Molecular Biology was started 30 years ago, our understanding of transcription and mRNA processing has been revolutionized through structural and mechanistic studies. Ken NAGAI, Lecturer | Cited by 1,730 | of Japan Advanced Institute of Science and Technology, Komatsu | Read 60 publications | Contact Ken NAGAI An autonomous cleaning robot is proposed so as to move on all floors including stairs in a building. S. jski mxbo bqyg mfhiua gtsxgx qcbvehhf pykw dimqd feadw xgvadn dqwg weglukc xegm xlimzq ofji